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MRI and MRS study of the impact of various factors (nutrition, physical activity, gender) on the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Cardiovascular (CV) complications are one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetic patients, with twice the risk of heart failure and higher mortality after myocardial infarction. CV complications appear very early in the disease, at an early stage known as prediabetes, characterized by moderate fasting hyperglycemia and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Today, prediabetes is a rapidly expanding metabolic disease, with the WHO predicting that 587 million people will be affected by 2045, i.e. 8.3% of the world's population. In addition, various studies indicate a stronger association between CV complications, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, with an unfavorable cardiometabolic profile and a more pronounced deterioration of the cardiovascular system in women. However, cardiac risk assessment, management and treatment remain identical for both sexes, despite the greater cardiovascular consequences and mortality in women with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
The project in brief
TRL level
3
Against this backdrop, the Cardiovascular Imaging team has for several years been developing an original and unique experimental approach combining sophisticated magnetic resonance techniques to provide new imaging biomarkers for a better understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, improve prognostic and diagnostic methods, and study different therapeutic strategies aimed at limiting gender-specific CV alterations associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, with the ultimate aim of offering personalized medicine.
Various studies are currently underway with the aim of:
- To study "metabolic" nutritional therapeutic approaches, as well as the effect of different physical exercise protocols of varying intensity in limiting CV complications;
- To use complementary male and female animal models, representing different stages of the disease, from pre-diabetes (specific nutritional models) to the establishment of established type 2 diabetes (genetic models).
At the same time, the team is currently involved in a number of translational projects that will contribute to further knowledge of this issue. In the European multicenter IHI Cardiateam project, experts are using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols on patients with type II diabetes, and in parallel in preclinical in vivo and ex vivo models. Part of the exploration methods were developed by the team.
Advanced imaging methods enable analysis of regional function, lipid and energy profile, microvascular state and microstructure of the heart using MRI and magnetic resonance spectrometry (MRS). These non-invasive methods enable longitudinal monitoring of each individual. These analyses are complemented by ex vivo biochemical methods at the end of in vivo protocols. In this way, the experts offer a comprehensive, cross-disciplinary characterization of the cardiovascular system, from isolated perfused rodent heart models to in vivo rodent models, right through to application in humans (healthy subjects and patients).
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